泌尿道的癌症

Urologic cancers occur in parts of the body connected to the urinary tract, 最常见于膀胱, 肾脏, 前列腺和睾丸. 澳门皇冠体育训练有素的专业团队, led by a board-certified urologist, works closely with The Cancer Program at Rutherford Regional.

癌症诊断可能是可怕的, but survival rates have improved in the past 25 years thanks to early detection, targeted 治疗ment and management of side effects. 作为这里的病人, you will have full access to the scope of services required to diagnose, 治疗, 恢复, 支持你和你的家人.

膀胱癌

Researchers do not know exactly what causes most bladder cancers, and some people with bladder cancer have no obvious risk factors.

原因: Smoking greatly increases your risk of bladder cancer (among other cancers). Other risk factors include workplace exposure to certain chemicals in industries that produce rubber, 皮革, 纺织品及油漆产品. 像理发师这样的职业, 画家, 机械师, printers and truck drivers also are at a greater risk for bladder cancer because of workplace chemical exposure.

体征和症状: Some common symptoms of bladder cancer can include:

尿中带血, making the urine slightly rusty to deep red
排尿疼痛
Frequent urination, or feeling the need to urinate but not being able

这不是一个全面的清单, and other conditions like infections, benign tumors and bladder stones can also cause these symptoms. Advanced bladder cancer symptoms may include weight loss, 乏力, 无法排尿, 腹部和/或下背部疼痛.

治疗方案: There are a number of ways to test for bladder cancer, including a cystoscopy (inserting a long, 细探头穿过尿道), biopsy (collecting and testing a cell sample), a urinalysis and an imaging test like an MRI or CT scan. People diagnosed with bladder cancer have many 治疗ment options, 包括手术, 放射治疗, chemotherapy or biological therapy. Some patients may receive a combination of therapies.

肾癌

Before the routine use of imaging equipment like CT scans, 核磁共振和超声波, 肾脏 cancer was always discovered in the advanced stages. Now it’s being caught early during imaging 治疗ment for a separate condition.

原因: Men are 2-3 times more likely than women to get 肾脏 cancer, and the risk increases with age. 危险因素包括肥胖, 吸烟, high blood pressure and exposure to industrial agents containing cadmium. You’re also at higher risk if you’ve had 肾脏 failure or a family history of 肾脏 cancer.

体征和症状: There are no telltale 肾脏 cancer symptoms at the early stage. As a 肾脏 tumor grows, symptoms may occur. 这些可能包括:

尿中带血
肾内肿块肾脏区域的肿块或团块.
乏力
食欲不振
减肥
反复发烧
Pain in the side that doesn't go away
身体不佳的普遍感觉

治疗方案: The most common way to 治疗 early-stage 肾脏 cancer is to surgically remove the tumor or 治疗 it with thermal ablation, which uses heat or cold to kill cancer cells. People with advanced 肾脏 cancer may also receive biological therapy that works your body’s immune system to fight the disease.

前列腺癌

前列腺癌 is the most common cancer for American men, but the good news is it has a 97% survival rate.

原因: Genes play a large role in prostate cancer risk, so it’s important for men with a family history to be routinely checked. Older age, high-fat diets, low vitamin D levels, and are also considered risk factors.

体征和症状: There are no telltale prostate cancer symptoms in the early stages. A digital rectal exam can detect an enlarged prostate. In advanced stages, symptoms can include:

麻烦小便
Decreased force in the stream of urine
精液中有血
盆腔不适
骨痛
勃起功能障碍(ED).

治疗方案: Some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may not need immediate 治疗ment. Other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. Laboratory tests can determine which one is present. Make an appointment to discuss 治疗ment options that could include surgery, 放射治疗, 激素疗法, cryoblation (freezing the cancer cells to kill them), chemotherapy and biological therapy that works with you body’s immune system to fight the disease.

睾丸癌

睾丸癌 can happen at any age, but teens and younger men (commonly between ages 15-35) are more often diagnosed.

原因: Nearly all testicular cancer begins in cells in the testicles that produce immature sperm. Researchers do not know how these cells become abnormal.

体征和症状: Cancer typically only affects one testicle. 症状包括:

A lump or enlargement in either testicle
A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
A dull ache in the abdomen or groin
A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum
Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts
背部疼痛

治疗方案: 睾丸癌 is highly 治疗able, even when cancer has spread beyond the testicle. Depending on the type and stage of testicular cancer, you may receive one of several 治疗ments, or a combination 包括手术 to remove your testicle or lymph nodes, 放射治疗或化疗.